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American Journal of Evaluation
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What's this?

Response Rates for Mixed-Mode Surveys Using Mail and E-mail/Web

Patrick D. Converse

Florida Institute of Technology, pconvers{at}fit.edu

Edward W. Wolfe

Virginia Tech

Xiaoting Huang

University of California, Berkeley

Frederick L. Oswald

Michigan State University

This study examines response rates for mixed-mode survey implementation involving mail and e-mail/Web components. Using Dillman's Tailored Design Method, 1,500 participants were sent a survey either (a) via mail with a follow-up contact via e-mail that directed them to a Web-based questionnaire or (b) via e-mail that directed them to a Web-based questionnaire with a follow-up contact via mail. Results indicate that these mixed-mode procedures produce moderately high response rates. However, the mail survey tended to be more effective than the e-mail/Web survey, when serving either as the initial contact or as the follow-up contact. These results suggest that survey implementation involving mail followed by e-mail/Web, or even mail-only approaches, may result in larger samples than implementation involving e-mail/Web followed by mail.

Key Words: response rates • mail surveys • Web-based surveys • mixed-mode surveys

This version was published on March 1, 2008

American Journal of Evaluation, Vol. 29, No. 1, 99-107 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1098214007313228
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